By highlighting specific Username entries and clicking on the View Files button, you can view a list of files owned by the highlighted users and then manipulate the file characteristics. For more details, refer to “View Files”.

By highlighting specific Groupname entries and clicking on the View Files button, you can view a list of files owned by the highlighted users and then manipulate the file characteristics. For more details, refer to “View Files”.

You can compare the state of the current partition (snapshot) to that of one from a previous moment in time. You are able to view summaries of changes, see detailed lists of changes, and look for changes based on a search criterion. To compare an existing snapshot to a previously saved one, highlight the disk partitions (filesystems) you want to compare and click the Compare Snapshot button to run the comparison. For more details, see “Compare Snapshots”.

To save existing snapshots, highlight the disk partitions you want to save and click the Save Snapshot button to create a dynamic new snapshot. For more details, see “Save Current Snapshots”.

To graph the disk usage summary by group, highlight the information you wish to view and then click the Graph button. A window will appear displaying the highlighted items in a graphical format.

Use this command to edit files (`vi'). Highlight the files you wish to edit and click the Edit button. A pop-up confirmation window will appear. For each file, select Yes to edit the file, No to skip that file and go to the next one, All to edit all files, or Cancel to abort the command. You MUST utilize standard `vi' commands to edit any files (or a hex editor if this is a binary file).

When you quit `vi' with the :q command, the following message will appear: “Hit the Return key to continue”. This action will close the window and allow you to continue using other EnlightenDSM options.

Use this command to view the contents of files. Highlight the files you wish to view and then click the View button. A pop-up confirmation window will appear. For each file, select Yes to view the file, No to skip that file, All to view all files, or Cancel to abort the command. If you select Yes or All, EnlightenDSM will activate a window showing the contents of the file.

Once the (last) file is displayed, the following message will appear: “Hit the Return key to continue”. This action will close the window and allow you to continue using other EnlightenDSM options. You cannot use the View command to modify files.

Use this command to display a statistical summary for each file (Figure 7-5). Highlight the files you want and click the Stats button. A window will appear with the statistics for the highlighted file. If you selected more than one file, click the Next button to view statistics on the next file you selected.

Figure 7-5. Statistical File Summary

Use this command to remove files from the system. Highlight the files you wish to delete and click the Delete button. EnlightenDSM will prompt you to confirm your action. Once a file has been deleted, it cannot be recovered.

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Note: If a selected file is actually a directory, EnlightenDSM will not remove it unless it is empty. If the directory is not empty, a status message will appear stating this.

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Use this command to make a back up copy of each highlighted file. Highlight the files you wish to back up and click the Backup button. A pop-up window will appear showing the different backup devices available. Select one of them. EnlightenDSM will then ask for confirmation before performing the backup.

During the backup, a window will display the progress of the backup. When the backup is complete, a summary log will be displayed in the same window. Press the <return> key to continue using other EnlightenDSM options.

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Note: If a selected file is actually a directory, only the directory itself will be backed up. Subfiles and/or subdirectories of the highlighted directory will NOT be backed up.

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Use the chmod command to manipulate the read, write, and/or execute permissions of a file. Highlight the files you wish to change and click the Chmod button. A pop-up window will appear showing the current set of permissions for that file (Figure 7-6).

Figure 7-6. File Permissions

You can enter the new permissions numerically in the first field or select the desired permissions from the available check boxes. Furthermore, you can specify the permissions be set as is, added on to, or subtracted from the current mode.

Once you've made your choices, click the Apply button. Another pop-up window will ask you to confirm your changes.

Use the chgrp command to change the group(s) to which a file or files belong. Highlight the files you wish to change and click the Chgrp button. A pop-up window will appear. Use this to specify the new group(s).

You can click the arrow button to access a list of valid User Groups. A window will appear showing all Groups. Highlight the desired Group(s) and then click the Apply button. You must specify a valid User Group name. Another pop-up window will ask you to confirm your changes.

Use the chown command to change the ownership of a file. Highlight the files you wish to change and click the Chown button. A pop-up window will appear. Use this to specify the new username.

You can click the arrow button to access a list of valid usernames. A window will appear showing all Users. Highlight a single user and click the Apply button. You must specify a valid username. Another pop-up window will ask you to confirm your changes.

Use this command to directly apply UNIX commands to files without having to exit EnlightenDSM. The commands entered can be any valid UNIX commands. Highlight the files you need to use for your custom command and click the Custom button.

A pop-up window will appear. Enter the appropriate UNIX command and click the Apply button. Another pop-up window will ask you to confirm your action. Once the command has executed successfully, the following message will appear: “Hit the Return key to continue”. This action will close the window and allow you to continue using other EnlightenDSM options.

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Note: EnlightenDSM supports using the character macro % as part of the command. If you use this macro, EnlightenDSM will replace it with the name of the current file. If not, EnlightenDSM will automatically append the name of the current file to the command before executing it.

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By highlighting specific Username entries and clicking the View Files button, you can view a more detailed list of file changes and then manipulate the file characteristics. To use the resulting List of Changed Files window, refer to “File List”.

To graph the disk changes, highlight the information you wish to view and then click the Graph button. A window will appear displaying the highlighted items in a graphical format.

This report is similar to that of previously described file lists, except an extra field is now included in the first column to describe the type of change that has occurred to the file.

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Note: If you've set the File list format field in your Session Preferences window to the Long Listing option, the filename in this listing is annotated to describe the change itself. For details on how to set your session preferences, refer to “Session Preferences”.

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The possible change types, their meanings, and the optional annotations (if the Long Listing option is set) are:

Mode changes (M) include changes to file permissions, setuid, setgid, and programs with the sticky bit turned on.

Refer to “View Files” for a detailed description of how to use the List of File Changes window buttons.

Find Filenames Like

Use this field to specify filenames to use in the search pattern. The filenames can contain the standard UNIX wild card matching characters `*', `?', and `[ ]'. This field will accept more than one entry. Leave a blank space between each unique filename for multiple entries. This is a good mechanism to use if you only want to check for changes in a certain area of a partition.

Skip Filenames Like

This is the opposite of Find Filenames Like field. The filenames entered here create an exclusion list. Any filename entered here will NOT be matched by the search. This field uses the same format as the previous field. This is a good way to ignore files that change on a regular basis and omit unnecessary entries in the report.

Owner Names

Use this field to find only those files whose owners match the names of the users entered. This field will accept more than one entry. Leave a blank space between each unique owner for multiple entries. To exclude any files owned by certain users, place a ! before those usernames. For example:

Group Names

This field is similar to the Owner Names field, except you can specify user group names to use (or exclude) instead of user names.

Min. File Size

Use this field to limit the search to files larger than a certain size. The default unit is bytes, but by appending one of the letters k, m, or g, the corresponding unit size of kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB) will be used. This can be useful when you are looking for logfiles growing out of control.

Max. File Size

This field is similar to the Min. File Size field, except you can specify the maximum file size allowed in the search.

New Files

Click the Yes button (the default) to search for new files that did not exist in the previously saved snapshot.

Include contents of new/lost dirs

When EnlightenDSM searches for new or lost files and it comes across a new/lost directory, this selection determines if the contents of the new/lost directory should be included in the search. Click the Yes button (the default) if you want EnlightenDSM to look at the complete contents of the new/lost directory in this case. Otherwise, click the No button to just put the name of the new/lost directory into any report results.

Lost Files

Click the Yes button (the default) to search for files that did exist in the previously saved snapshot and now no longer exist.

Attempt to determine renamed files

Sometimes, files are renamed. Normally this is considered to be the creation of a new file and the loss of the old one. Click the Yes button (the default) if you want EnlightenDSM to attempt to determine if the file has been renamed or not.

This check is not foolproof; it will only find a file being renamed (moved) within the same directory in which it was originally found.

Altered Files

Click the Yes button (the default) to search for files that have changed since the previously saved snapshot. There are many different ways a file can change. These can be selected and/or limited by using the following fields. The default value for all of these fields is also set to Yes.

Size

Use this file to search for files that have either increased or decreased in size and/or to search for changes within certain ranges. In the second case, you may enter the range of size changes that should be searched for in the corresponding Ranges field.

Each size range should be separated by a blank space. The range can be prefixed by a minus (-) sign to denote a decrease in the size or a plus (+) sign to denote an increase in size. If no sign is given, then an increase in size is assumed. A range has the following format:

[+/-]<minsize>[<unit>]-[<maxsize>[<unit>]]

The square brackets ([]) denote that the field is optional. The fields are:

The following are all valid range examples:

User Ownership

Click the Yes button to search for files that have changed user ownership. Sometimes you may want to focus on changes in ownership for just a few users or a specific group of users (e.g., chown to root). In this case, you can specify those entries in the corresponding Ranges field. Leave a blank space between each unique username or user ID (UID) for multiple entries.

Group Ownership

This field is similar to the User Ownership field, except you can specify user group names or group IDs (GIDs) to use instead of user names or user IDs (UIDs).

Mode

Click the Yes button to search for file permission changes. If you only want to look for specific mode changes (e.g., new setuid programs), you can specify those entries in the corresponding Ranges field. Leave a blank space between each set of mode changes for multiple entries.

You can use two formats to search for specific mode changes:

[+/-]<numeric mode>
[+/-]<who><modes>

Use the first format to search for added or lost permissions followed by UNIX style octal <numeric mode>. EnlightenDSM will search for files that have had one of the specified bits changed in the file permissions, for example, use +007 to look for any gaining of permissions for the other user type. Only experienced UNIX administrators should use this format.

Use the second format to search for where a type of user (<who>) and/or a type of mode (<modes>) permissions were added or lost.

The <who> permission values are:

The <modes> permission values are:

The following are examples of the second format:

Updated

Updated files are files that have been modified without having the size of the file increase or decrease. This often happens to database files where data in the middle of the file is replaced with new data. Click the Yes button if updated files should be part of the search.

Accessed (read)

Every time a file/program is read or executed, the access date is updated. Since many files are typically read or executed between snapshots, the list of read files may become quite long. Click the No button if read files should not be included in the search.

Execute Search

The search criteria may use one or any combination of the fields described in the previous section. Once you've entered your search criteria, click the Execute Search button. The List of Changed Files window will appear with a list of the files that met the criteria (Figure 7-20).

Figure 7-20. List of Changed Files window

As mentioned previously, disk snapshot comparisons are time-intensive operations that may take time to complete.

From here, you can execute more commands such as edit, backup, and chown to manipulate the displayed files' characteristics. See “File List” for more details on using this window and “View Files” to use its buttons.

Clear Fields

Click this button to clear the existing choices in all fields.

Close

Click this button to discard any changes and close the window.